Who: Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK)
Founded: 1978 as a Kurdish Marxist‑inspired movement
Region they operate: Southeastern Turkey, northern Iraq, and diaspora communities in Europe
Allies and enemies: Connected to broader Kurdish networks; principal enemy is the Turkish state
Who: DHKP/C
Founded: 1994 from Turkish far‑left underground groups
Region they operate: Turkey and diaspora communities in Europe
Allies and enemies: Marxist‑Leninist; targets the Turkish state and U.S./NATO‑linked sites
